Exposure Assessment of Diesel Bus Emissions

M Yip; P Madl; Aaron Wiegand; W Hofmann

doi:10.3390/ijerph2006030038

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Exposure Assessment of Diesel Bus Emissions

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Exposure Assessment of Diesel Bus Emissions

M Yip, P Madl, Aaron Wiegand and W Hofmann

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol.3(4), pp.309-315

2006

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2006030038

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Abstract

Environmental Science and Management

ultrafine particles

diesel engine exhaust

exposure assessment

The goal of this study was to measure ultrafine particle concentrations with diameters less than 1 μm emitted by diesel buses and to assess resulting human exposure levels. The study was conducted at the Woolloongabba Busway station in Brisbane, Australia in the winter months of 2002 during which temperature inversions frequently occurred. Most buses that utilize the station are fuelled by diesel, the exhaust of which contains a significant quantity of particle matter. Passengers waiting at the station are exposed to these particles emitted from the buses. During the course of this study, passenger census was conducted, based on video surveillance, yielding person-by-person waiting time data. Furthermore, a bus census revealed accurate information about the total number of diesel versus Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) powered buses. Background (outside of the bus station) and platform measurements of ultrafine particulate number size distributions were made to determine ambient aerosol concentrations. Particle number exposure concentration ranges from 10 and 40 to 60% of bus related exhaust fumes. This changes dramatically when considering the particle mass exposure concentration, where most passengers are exposed to about 50 to 80% of exhaust fumes. The obtained data can be very significant for comparison with similar work of this type because it is shown in previous studies that exhaust emissions causes cancer in laboratory animals. It was assumed that significant differences between platform and background distributions were due to bus emissions which, combined with passenger waiting times, yielded an estimate of passenger exposure to ultrafine particles from diesel buses. From an exposure point of view, the Busway station analyzed resembles a street canyon. Although the detected exhaust particle concentration at the outbound platform is found to be in the picogram range, exposure increases with the time passengers spend on the platform along with their breathing frequency.

Details

Title: Exposure Assessment of Diesel Bus Emissions
Authors: M Yip (Author) - University of Salzburg, Austria
P Madl (Author) - University of Salzburg, Austria
Aaron Wiegand (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast - Faculty of Science, Health and Education
W Hofmann (Author) - University of Salzburg, Austria
Publication details: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol.3(4), pp.309-315
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date published: 2006
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph2006030038
ISSN: 1660-4601
Copyright note: Copyright © 2006 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Organisation Unit: School of Science and Engineering - Legacy; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; School of Science, Technology and Engineering
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99449336802621
Output Type: Journal article

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