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Energy services - the missing link in a just and zero-carbon urban transition
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Energy services - the missing link in a just and zero-carbon urban transition

Kangkang Tong and Lynette Cheah
Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability, Vol.6(1), pp.1-8
2026
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Published VersionCC BY V4.0 Open Access

Abstract

urban energy system net-zero carbon transition social equity energy modeling energy poverty
Cities worldwide are promoting just and zero-carbon transitions, supported by emerging models of zero-carbon urban transition pathways. However, these models related to physical and social system changes are largely focused on energy carriers and sectoral end-use demand instead of energy services—a critical linkage between energy resource use, social equity, and human well-being. Although the discussion around energy transition is evolving from energy supply to energy service provision, the energy service dimension has not been explicit in empirical studies that explore just and zero-carbon urban energy transition pathways. Energy services are the crucial link between energy resource use, social equity, and human well-being. This perspective synthesizes these concepts by summarizing current empirical research on net-zero urban energy transition pathway modeling and just energy transitions. It proposes advancements to integrate the concept of energy services into comprehensive urban energy models to inform the ongoing just and zero-carbon transitions.

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#7 Affordable and Clean Energy
#8 Decent Work and Economic Growth
#9 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
#12 Responsible Consumption & Production
#13 Climate Action

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