Energy Efficient and Safe Control Strategy for Electric Vehicles Including Driver Preference

Sepehr G Dehkordi; Michael E Cholette; Gregoire S Larue; Andry Rakotonirainy; Sebastien Glaser

doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3050780

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Energy Efficient and Safe Control Strategy for Electric Vehicles Including Driver Preference

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Energy Efficient and Safe Control Strategy for Electric Vehicles Including Driver Preference

Sepehr G Dehkordi, Michael E Cholette, Gregoire S Larue, Andry Rakotonirainy and Sebastien Glaser

IEEE Access, Vol.9, pp.11109-11122

2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3050780

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Abstract

dynamic programming

Electric vehicle

model predictive control

Pontryagin maximum principle

In this manuscript, a control strategy for electric vehicles is developed to optimise the energy consumption while respecting constraints associated with both inter-vehicle safety and comfort, which is a challenge in typical optimal control solution methodologies. Firstly, the long-term optimal control is developed using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle (PMP). Thereafter, the obtained PMP solution is used to bound the state space for a computationally tractable Dynamic Programming (DP) optimisation to ensure the satisfaction of the safety constraints. While the acceleration subproblem solution is similar to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), the combination of regenerative and hydraulic braking significantly alters the nature of the optimal braking profile. Since a DP solution is not tractable for real-time implementation of combined braking, a fast heuristic is developed, which achieves 98% of the optimal energy recovery calculated by the DP in the simulated cases. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy respects the acceleration and safety constraints while saving approximately 5% energy use without significantly increasing travel time. Further simulations were conducted to evaluate the effect of driver preferences on energy use. It was shown that a 9.5% reduction in energy use if the driver is willing to accept a 10% speed reduction.

Details

Title: Energy Efficient and Safe Control Strategy for Electric Vehicles Including Driver Preference
Authors: Sepehr G Dehkordi (Author) - Queensland University of Technology
Michael E Cholette (Author) - Queensland University of Technology
Gregoire S Larue (Author) - Queensland University of Technology
Andry Rakotonirainy (Author) - Queensland University of Technology
Sebastien Glaser (Author) - Queensland University of Technology
Publication details: IEEE Access, Vol.9, pp.11109-11122
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Date published: 2021
DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3050780
ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
Copyright note: Copyright (c) 2021. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Organisation Unit: Road Safety Research Collaboration; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; School of Law and Society
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99648952402621
Output Type: Journal article

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