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Published VersionCC BY V4.0, Open Access
Journal article
Distributed Energy Resources and the Application of AI, IoT, and Blockchain in Smart Grids
Energies, Vol.13(21), pp.1-42
2020
Abstract
Smart grid (SG), an evolving concept in the modern power infrastructure, enables the two-way flow of electricity and data between the peers within the electricity system networks (ESN) and its clusters. The self-healing capabilities of SG allow the peers to become active partakers in ESN. In general, the SG is intended to replace the fossil fuel-rich conventional grid with the distributed energy resources (DER) and pools numerous existing and emerging know-hows like information and digital communications technologies together to manage countless operations. With this, the SG will able to “detect, react, and pro-act” to changes in usage and address multiple issues, thereby ensuring timely grid operations. However, the “detect, react, and pro-act” features in DER-based SG can only be accomplished at the fullest level with the use of technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and the Blockchain (BC). The techniques associated with AI include fuzzy logic, knowledge-based systems, and neural networks. They have brought advances in controlling DER-based SG. The IoT and BC have also enabled various services like data sensing, data storage, secured, transparent, and traceable digital transactions among ESN peers and its clusters. These promising technologies have gone through fast technological evolution in the past decade, and their applications have increased rapidly in ESN. Hence, this study discusses the SG and applications of AI, IoT, and BC. First, a comprehensive survey of the DER, power electronics components and their control, electric vehicles (EVs) as load components, and communication and cybersecurity issues are carried out. Second, the role played by AI-based analytics, IoT components along with energy internet architecture, and the BC assistance in improving SG services are thoroughly discussed. This study revealed that AI, IoT, and BC provide automated services to peers by monitoring real-time information about the ESN, thereby enhancing reliability, availability, resilience, stability, security, and sustainability.
Details
- Title
- Distributed Energy Resources and the Application of AI, IoT, and Blockchain in Smart Grids
- Authors
- Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar (Author) - City University of Hong KongAneesh A. Chand (Author) - University of the South PacificMaria Malvoni (Author) - National Technical University of AthensKushal A. Prasad (Author) - University of the South PacificKabir A. Mamun (Author) - University of the South PacificRobi Islam (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Science and Engineering - LegacyShauhrat S. Chopra (Author) - City University of Hong Kong
- Publication details
- Energies, Vol.13(21), pp.1-42
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Date published
- 2020
- DOI
- 10.3390/en13215739
- ISSN
- 1996-1073
- Copyright note
- Copyright (c) 2020 The Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
- Organisation Unit
- School of Science and Engineering - Legacy; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99489207002621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web Of Science research areas
- Energy & Fuels