Development and validation of the Awe Short Measure (Awe-SM)

Lee Kannis-Dymand; Vikki Schaffer; Andrew Allen

doi:10.1007/s11031-025-10163-9

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Development and validation of the Awe Short Measure (Awe-SM)

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Development and validation of the Awe Short Measure (Awe-SM)

Lee Kannis-Dymand, Vikki Schaffer and Andrew Allen

Motivation and Emotion, Vol.49, pp.783-795

2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-025-10163-9

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Abstract

awe

questionnaire

measure development

factor analysis

awe-SM

This research addresses the gap regarding the need for a brief, state measure of awe by developing and validating the Awe Short Measure (Awe-SM). Study 1 (N = 246) utilized exploratory factor analysis, resulting in a nine-item, three-factor solution with high factor loadings and adequate internal consistency. Study 2 (N = 576) validated the Awe-SM through confirmatory factor analysis, reaffirming internal consistency and establishing convergent and divergent validity against existing measures. The Awe-SM's three-factor solution encompasses connectedness, absorption, and perception, reflecting key aspects of awe concordant with existing theoretical and empirical findings. The Awe-SM demonstrated strong correlations with subscales of the existing Awe Experience Scale, supporting its validity in capturing awe experiences. While awe is multifaceted and can contain elements of fear or threat, its predominantly positive nature was mirrored in the Awe-SM's correlations with positive and negative affect measures. The Awe-SM provides a valid, succinct measure of state awe.

Details

Title: Development and validation of the Awe Short Measure (Awe-SM)
Authors: Lee Kannis-Dymand - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Health - Psychology
Vikki Schaffer - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Business and Creative Industries
Andrew Allen (Corresponding Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Health - Psychology
Publication details: Motivation and Emotion, Vol.49, pp.783-795
Publisher: Springer New York LLC
Date published: 2025
DOI: 10.1007/s11031-025-10163-9
ISSN: 1573-6644
Copyright note: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Data Availability: Data is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Organisation Unit: School of Business and Creative Industries; Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research; School of Health - Psychology; Sexual Violence Research and Prevention Unit; Sustainability Research Cluster
Language: English
Record Identifier: 991164843902621
Output Type: Journal article

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