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Published VersionCC BY V4.0, Open Access
Journal article
Designing against ω phase embrittlement in additively manufactured Ti−13.5Mo metastable β titanium alloy through Sn additions
Additive Manufacturing, Vol.97, pp.1-17
2025
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) features repeated thermal cycles due to the track- and layer-wise fabrication process. However, the unique thermal cycling often encourages the precipitation of detrimental phases, such as the isothermal ω phase in metastable β titanium alloys, which cause severe embrittlement. This study aims to address ω phase embrittlement in Ti−13.5Mo (wt%) metastable β titanium alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) through Sn additions. It is shown that 5.0 wt% Sn microparticles can be reliably in-situ alloyed with Ti−13.5Mo by L-PBF to effectively inhibit the formation of the commensurate isothermal ω phase in the binary Ti−13.5Mo alloy. Detailed microstructural characterizations and simulations of the precipitation kinetics reveal that both Ti−13.5Mo with and without Sn exhibit densely populated ω phase throughout the microstructures. However, the Sn addition retards development of the final commensurate form of isothermal ω phase, thereby mitigating its embrittling effects. As a result, Ti−13.5Mo+5Sn fabricated by L-PBF exbibits a good balance of strength and ductility which outperforms those of similar alloys produced by conventional manufacturing routines. Since the Ti−Mo binary system forms the basis of important multicomponent titanium alloys, the finding in this work is expected to be applicable beyond the binary alloy considered here and provides a framework for the design of β titanium alloys for AM that are resistant to ω phase embrittlement.
Details
- Title
- Designing against ω phase embrittlement in additively manufactured Ti−13.5Mo metastable β titanium alloy through Sn additions
- Authors
- Jingqi Zhang - The University of QueenslandMichael Bermingham - The University of QueenslandJoseph Otte - The University of QueenslandZiyong Hou - Chongqing UniversityChi-Ho Ng - The University of QueenslandDamon Kent - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Science, Technology and EngineeringXiaoxu Huang - Chongqing UniversityMatthew Dargusch (Corresponding Author) - The University of Queensland
- Publication details
- Additive Manufacturing, Vol.97, pp.1-17
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Date published
- 2025
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.addma.2024.104597
- ISSN
- 2214-7810; 2214-8604
- Copyright note
- © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
- Data Availability
- Data will be made available on request.
- Grants
- Grant note
- Michael Bermingham and Chi-Ho Ng thank the Micro-CT support by Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) and Dr Chris Hall under proposal No. AS231/IMBL/19104. Chi-Ho Ng also acknowledges the Postgraduate Research Award (PGRA) by The Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE Ltd) .
- Organisation Unit
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 991090597102621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web Of Science research areas
- Engineering, Manufacturing
- Materials Science, Multidisciplinary