Degradation and remobilization of endogenous retroviruses by recombination during the earliest stages of a germ-line invasion

Ulrike Löber; Matthew Hobbs; Anisha Dayaram; Kyriakos Tsangaras; Kiersten Jones; David E Alquezar-Planas; Yasuko Ishida; Joanne Meers; Jens Mayer; Claudia Quedenau; Wei Chen; Rebecca N Johnson; Peter Timms; Paul R Young; Alfred L Roca; Alex D Greenwood

doi:10.1073/pnas.1807598115

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Degradation and remobilization of endogenous retroviruses by recombination during the earliest stages of a germ-line invasion

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Degradation and remobilization of endogenous retroviruses by recombination during the earliest stages of a germ-line invasion

Ulrike Löber, Matthew Hobbs, Anisha Dayaram, Kyriakos Tsangaras, Kiersten Jones, David E Alquezar-Planas, Yasuko Ishida, Joanne Meers, Jens Mayer, Claudia Quedenau, …

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol.115(34), pp.8609-8614

2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807598115

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Abstract

endogenous retrovirus

genome evolution

koala retrovirus

recombination

retrovirus

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are proviral sequences that result from colonization of the host germ line by exogenous retroviruses. The majority of ERVs represent defective retroviral copies. However, for most ERVs, endogenization occurred millions of years ago, obscuring the stages by which ERVs become defective and the changes in both virus and host important to the process. The koala retrovirus, KoRV, only recently began invading the germ line of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), permitting analysis of retroviral endogenization on a prospective basis. Here, we report that recombination with host genomic elements disrupts retroviruses during the earliest stages of germ-line invasion. One type of recombinant, designated recKoRV1, was formed by recombination of KoRV with an older degraded retroelement. Many genomic copies of recKoRV1 were detected across koalas. The prevalence of recKoRV1 was higher in northern than in southern Australian koalas, as is the case for KoRV, with differences in recKoRV1 prevalence, but not KoRV prevalence, between inland and coastal New South Wales. At least 15 additional different recombination events between KoRV and the older endogenous retroelement generated distinct recKoRVs with different geographic distributions. All of the identified recombinant viruses appear to have arisen independently and have highly disrupted ORFs, which suggests that recombination with existing degraded endogenous retroelements may be a means by which replication-competent ERVs that enter the germ line are degraded.

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Title: Degradation and remobilization of endogenous retroviruses by recombination during the earliest stages of a germ-line invasion
Authors: Ulrike Löber (Author) - Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Germany
Matthew Hobbs (Author) - Australian Museum
Anisha Dayaram (Author) - Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Germany
Kyriakos Tsangaras (Author) - Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Cyprus
Kiersten Jones (Author) - University of Queensland
David E Alquezar-Planas (Author) - Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Germany
Yasuko Ishida (Author) - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
Joanne Meers (Author) - University of Queensland
Jens Mayer (Author) - University of Saarland, Germany
Claudia Quedenau (Author) - Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Germany
Wei Chen (Author) - Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Germany
Rebecca N Johnson (Author) - Australian Museum
Peter Timms (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast - Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering
Paul R Young (Author) - University of Queensland
Alfred L Roca (Author) - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
Alex D Greenwood (Author) - Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Germany
Publication details: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol.115(34), pp.8609-8614
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Date published: 2018
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807598115
ISSN: 0027-8424
Copyright note: Copyright ©. This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND).
Organisation Unit: University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; Centre for Bioinnovation
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99451007102621
Output Type: Journal article

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Web Of Science research areas: Virology

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