Consensus on the Internet of Vehicles: A Systematic Literature Review

Hilda Jemutai Bitok; Mingzhong Wang; Dennis Desmond

doi:10.3390/wevj16110616

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Consensus on the Internet of Vehicles: A Systematic Literature Review

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Consensus on the Internet of Vehicles: A Systematic Literature Review

Hilda Jemutai Bitok, Mingzhong Wang and Dennis Desmond

World Electric Vehicle Journal, Vol.16(11), pp.1-25

2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16110616

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Abstract

Internet of Vehicles

Internet of Things

consensus

latency

PRISMA

communication overhead

fault tolerance

blockchain

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) revolutionizes transportation by enabling real-time communication and data exchange among vehicles (V2V), infrastructure (V2I), and other entities (V2X). These capabilities are crucial for improving road safety and traffic efficiency. However, achieving reliable and secure consensus across network nodes remains a significant challenge. Consensus mechanisms are essential in IoV for ensuring agreement on the network’s state, enabling applications such as autonomous driving, traffic management, and emergency response. This paper presents a systematic review of IoV consensus mechanisms, examining 78 peer-reviewed publications from 2010 to June 2025 using the PRISMA framework. Our analysis highlights challenges, including scalability, latency, and energy efficiency and identifies trends such as the adoption of lightweight algorithms, edge computing, and AI-assisted techniques. Unlike previous reviews, this work introduces a structured comparative framework specifically designed for IoV environments, enabling a detailed evaluation of consensus mechanisms across key features such as latency, fault tolerance, communication overhead and scalability to identify their relative strengths and limitations.

Details

Title: Consensus on the Internet of Vehicles: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Hilda Jemutai Bitok (Corresponding Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Science, Technology and Engineering
Mingzhong Wang - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Science, Technology and Engineering
Dennis Desmond - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Science, Technology and Engineering
Publication details: World Electric Vehicle Journal, Vol.16(11), pp.1-25
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date published: 2025
DOI: 10.3390/wevj16110616
ISSN: 2032-6653
Copyright note: © 2025 by the authors. Published by MDPI on behalf of the World Electric Vehicle Association. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Data Availability: No new data were created or analyzed in this study.
Organisation Unit: Healthy Ageing Research Cluster; School of Science, Technology and Engineering
Language: English
Record Identifier: 991184324602621
Output Type: Journal article

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