Chronic ketogenic low carbohydrate high fat diet has minimal effects on acid–base status in elite athletes

A J Carr; A P Sharma; M L Ross; M Welvaert; Gary J Slater; L M Burke

doi:10.3390/nu10020236

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Chronic ketogenic low carbohydrate high fat diet has minimal effects on acid–base status in elite athletes

Journal article

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Chronic ketogenic low carbohydrate high fat diet has minimal effects on acid–base status in elite athletes

A J Carr, A P Sharma, M L Ross, M Welvaert, Gary J Slater and L M Burke

Nutrients, Vol.10(2), pp.1-13

2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10020236

PMCID: PMC5852812

PMID: 29463034

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Abstract

dietary interventions

periodized carbohydrate diet

fat adaptation

keto-adaptation

Although short (up to 3 days) exposure to major shifts in macronutrient intake appears to alter acid-base status, the effects of sustained (>1 week) interventions in elite athletes has not been determined. Using a non-randomized, parallel design, we examined the effect of adaptations to 21 days of a ketogenic low carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) or periodized carbohydrate (PCHO) diet on pre-and post-exercise blood pH, and concentrations of bicarbonate (HCO3 -) and lactate (La-) in comparison to a high carbohydrate (HCHO) control. Twenty-four (17 male and 7 female) elite-level race walkers completed 21 days of either LCHF (n = 9), PCHO (n = 7), or HCHO (n = 8) under controlled diet and training conditions. At baseline and post-intervention, blood pH, blood [HCO3 -], and blood [La-] were measured before and after a graded exercise test. Net endogenous acid production (NEAP) over the previous 48-72 h was also calculated from monitored dietary intake. LCHF was not associated with significant differences in blood pH, [HCO3 -], or [La-], compared with the HCHO diet pre-or post-exercise, despite a significantly higher NEAP (mEqâˆ™day-1) (95% CI = [10.44; 36.04]). Our results indicate that chronic dietary interventions are unlikely to influence acid-base status in elite athletes, which may be due to pre-existing training adaptations, such as an enhanced buffering capacity, or the actions of respiratory and renal pathways, which have a greater influence on regulation of acid-base status than nutritional intake. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Details

Title: Chronic ketogenic low carbohydrate high fat diet has minimal effects on acid–base status in elite athletes
Authors: A J Carr (Author) - Deakin University
A P Sharma (Author) - University of Canberra
M L Ross (Author) - Australian Catholic University
M Welvaert (Author) - University of Canberra
Gary J Slater (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast - Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering
L M Burke (Author) - Australian Institute of Sport
Publication details: Nutrients, Vol.10(2), pp.1-13
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date published: 2018
DOI: 10.3390/nu10020236
ISSN: 2072-6643
PMID: 29463034; PMC5852812
Copyright note: Copyright © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Organisation Unit: University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; School of Health - Nutrition & Dietetics; School of Health and Sport Sciences - Legacy; School of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Legacy
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99451231302621
Output Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration
Web Of Science research areas: Nutrition & Dietetics