Logo image
Back
Battery performance enhancement with additions of bismuth
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Battery performance enhancement with additions of bismuth

J E Manders, L T Lam, Roland De Marco, J D Douglas, R Pillig and D A J Rand
Journal of Power Sources, Vol.48(1-2), pp.113-128
1994
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(94)80012-X
url
https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(94)80012-XView
Published Version

Abstract

Engineering Chemical Sciences battery performance doping optimum bismuth level
Automotive and valve-regulated batteries (VRBs) of typical commercial design have been constructed using positive and negative plates produced from leady oxide that is doped with 0.06 wt.% bismuth. The doping is performed by adding bismuth (III) oxide powder during the paste-mixing stage. Both battery designs have been subjected to endurance tests (automotive batteries: JIS cycle-life test; VRBs: repetitive 3-h discharge) in parallel with batteries that are similar in all respects but do not contain bismuth. A strategy and necessary hardware have been developed to measure the gassing properties of the VRBs during both charge and discharge. The procedure involves monitoring the internal pressure with high-precision pressure transducers. For automotive batteries, doping with bismuth produces no significant differences in JIS cycle life. By contrast, both the endurance and the capacity of VRBs are found to be enhanced by the presence of bismuth. Furthermore, bismuth reduces the build-up in gas pressure (mainly oxygen) in VRBs during constant-current charging. These results suggest that future specifications for leady oxide should include a minimum - rather than a maximum - bismuth content. In this respect, although studies performed to date show that significant advantages can be achieved with 0.06 wt.% bismuth in the active material, the optimum bismuth level has yet to be established.

Details

Metrics

868 Record Views
13 Times Cited - Web of Science

InCites Highlights

These are selected metrics from InCites Benchmarking & Analytics tool, related to this output

Web Of Science research areas
Chemistry, Physical
Electrochemistry
Energy & Fuels
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This output has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:

#12 Responsible Consumption & Production

Source: InCites

Logo image