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Published VersionCC BY V4.0, Open Access
Journal article
Associations between seven-year C-reactive protein trajectory or pack-years smoked with choroidal or retinal thicknesses in young adults
Scientific Reports, Vol.11, pp.1-12
2021
PMID: 33731739
Abstract
Inflammation and cigarette smoking predispose to macular diseases, and choroidal and retinal thinning. We explored the choroidal and retinal thicknesses in young adults against their 7-year C-reactive protein (CRP) level trajectory and pack-years smoked. Participants from the Raine study, a longitudinal cohort study, had serum CRP levels analysed at the 14-, 17-, and 20-year follow-ups. Group-based trajectory modelling was used to classify participants according to their 7-year CRP levels. At the 20-year follow-up (at 18-22 years old), participants completed questionnaires on their smoking history, and underwent optical coherence tomography imaging to obtain their choroidal and retinal thicknesses at the macula. Three CRP trajectories were identified: consistently low CRP levels (78% of sample), increasing (11%), or consistently high (11%). 340 and 1035 participants were included in the choroidal and retinal thickness analyses, respectively. Compared to those in the "Low" trajectory group, participants in the "Increasing" and "High" groups had 14-21 mu m thinner choroids at most macular regions. Every additional pack-year smoked was linked with a 0.06-0.10 mu m thinner retina at the inner and outer macular rings, suggesting a dose-dependent relationship between smoking and thinner retinas. These associations may suggest that an increased risk of future visual impairment or eye disease associated with these risk factors may be present since young adulthood.
Details
- Title
- Associations between seven-year C-reactive protein trajectory or pack-years smoked with choroidal or retinal thicknesses in young adults
- Authors
- Samantha Sze-Yee Lee (Corresponding Author) - The University of Western AustraliaDarren John Beales (Author) - Curtin UniversityFred K. Chen (Author) - The University of Western AustraliaSeyhan Yazar (Author) - The University of Western AustraliaDavid Alonso-Caneiro (Author) - Queensland University of TechnologyDavid A. Mackey (Author) - The University of Western Australia
- Publication details
- Scientific Reports, Vol.11, pp.1-12
- Publisher
- Nature Publishing Group
- Date published
- 2021
- DOI
- 10.1038/s41598-021-85626-3
- ISSN
- 2045-2322
- PMID
- 33731739
- Copyright note
- © The Author(s) 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons .org/licenses/by/4.0/.
- Data Availability
- The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to the Raine Study’s policy. However, the codes used for statistical analyses and trajectory modelling, and the image analysis software are available from the authors upon request.
- Grant note
- The eye data collection of the Gen2 20-year follow-up of the Raine Study was funded by Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) (Grant 1021105), Ophthalmic Research Institute of Australia (ORIA), Alcon Research Institute, Lions Eye Institute, and the Australian Foundation for the Prevention of Blindness. The core management of the Raine Study is funded by The University of Western Australia, Curtin University, Telethon Kids Institute, Women and Infants Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Murdoch University, The University of Notre Dame Australia and the Raine Medical Research Foundation. SY is supported by a NHMRC Early Career Fellowship. FKC is supported by a Medical Research Future Fund Career Development Fellowship. DAM is supported by a NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship. DA-C is supported by a NHMRC Ideas Grant (APP1186915).
- Organisation Unit
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99972396302621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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