Assessing the Various Antagonistic Mechanisms of Trichoderma Strains against the Brown Root Rot Pathogen Pyrrhoderma noxium Infecting Heritage Fig Trees

Harrchun Panchalingam; Daniel Powell; Cherrihan Adra; Keith Foster; Russell Tomlin; Bonnie L. Quigley; Sharon Nyari; R. Andrew Hayes; Alison Shapcott; D. İpek Kurtböke

doi:10.3390/jof8101105

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Assessing the Various Antagonistic Mechanisms of Trichoderma Strains against the Brown Root Rot Pathogen Pyrrhoderma noxium Infecting Heritage Fig Trees

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Assessing the Various Antagonistic Mechanisms of Trichoderma Strains against the Brown Root Rot Pathogen Pyrrhoderma noxium Infecting Heritage Fig Trees

Harrchun Panchalingam, Daniel Powell, Cherrihan Adra, Keith Foster, Russell Tomlin, Bonnie L. Quigley, Sharon Nyari, R. Andrew Hayes, Alison Shapcott and D. İpek Kurtböke

Journal of Fungi, Vol.8(10), pp.1-25

2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101105

PMCID: PMC9605450

PMID: 36294670

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Abstract

antagonism

biological control

Ficus macrophylla

heritage fig trees

mycoparasitism

Pyrrhoderma noxium

Trichoderma

A wide range of phytopathogenic fungi exist causing various plant diseases, which can lead to devastating economic, environmental, and social impacts on a global scale. One such fungus is Pyrrhoderma noxium, causing brown root rot disease in over 200 plant species of a variety of life forms mostly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. The aim of this study was to discover the antagonistic abilities of two Trichoderma strains (#5001 and #5029) found to be closely related to Trichoderma reesei against P. noxium. The mycoparasitic mechanism of these Trichoderma strains against P. noxium involved coiling around the hyphae of the pathogen and producing appressorium like structures. Furthermore, a gene expression study identified an induced expression of the biological control activity associated genes in Trichoderma strains during the interaction with the pathogen. In addition, volatile and diffusible antifungal compounds produced by the Trichoderma strains were also effective in inhibiting the growth of the pathogen. The ability to produce Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores and the volatile compounds related to plant growth promotion were also identified as added benefits to the performance of these Trichoderma strains as biological control agents. Overall, these results show promise for the possibility of using the Trichoderma strains as potential biological control agents to protect P. noxium infected trees as well as preventing new infections.

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Title: Assessing the Various Antagonistic Mechanisms of Trichoderma Strains against the Brown Root Rot Pathogen Pyrrhoderma noxium Infecting Heritage Fig Trees
Authors: Harrchun Panchalingam (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Science, Technology and Engineering
Daniel Powell (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Science, Technology and Engineering
Cherrihan Adra (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Science, Technology and Engineering
Keith Foster (Author) - Brisbane City Council
Russell Tomlin (Author) - Brisbane City Council
Bonnie L. Quigley (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Science, Technology and Engineering
Sharon Nyari (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Science, Technology and Engineering
R. Andrew Hayes (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Forest Industries Research Centre
Alison Shapcott (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Science, Technology and Engineering
D. İpek Kurtböke (Corresponding Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Science, Technology and Engineering
Publication details: Journal of Fungi, Vol.8(10), pp.1-25
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date published: 2022
DOI: 10.3390/jof8101105
ISSN: 2309-608X
PMID: 36294670; PMC9605450
Copyright note: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Organisation Unit: University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; Office of Research; Thompson Institute; Forest Industries Research Centre; School of Science, Technology and Engineering; Forest Research Institute; Centre for Bioinnovation
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99681596402621
Output Type: Journal article

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