Analysis of arm elevation muscle activity through different movement planes and speeds during in-water and dry-land exercise

Romualdo Castillo-Lozano; Antonio I Cuesta-Vargas; Charles P Gabel

doi:10.1016/j.jse.2013.04.010

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Analysis of arm elevation muscle activity through different movement planes and speeds during in-water and dry-land exercise

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Analysis of arm elevation muscle activity through different movement planes and speeds during in-water and dry-land exercise

Romualdo Castillo-Lozano, Antonio I Cuesta-Vargas and Charles P Gabel

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Vol.23(2), pp.159-165

2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2013.04.010

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Abstract

aquatic therapy

movement

muscle

physical therapy

shoulder

surface electromyography

Objective: The objectives of this cross-sectional, analytical inference analysis were to compare shoulder muscle activation at arm elevations of 0° to 90° through different movement planes and speeds during in-water and dry-land exercise and to extrapolate this information to a clinical rehabilitation model. Methods: Six muscles of right-handed adult subjects (n = 16; males/females: 50%; age: 26.1±4.5 years) were examined with surface electromyography during arm elevation in water and on dry land. Participants randomly performed 3 elevation movements (flexion, abduction, and scaption) through 0° to 90°. Three movement speeds were used for each movement as determined by a metronome (30°/sec, 45°/sec, and 90°/sec). Dry-land maximal voluntary contraction tests were used to determine movement normalization. Results: Muscle activity levels were significantly lower in water compared with dry land at 30°/sec and 45°/sec but significantly higher at 90°/sec. This sequential progressive activation with increased movement speed was proportionally higher on transition from gravity-based on-land activity to water-based isokinetic resistance. The pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles showed higher activity during abduction and scaption. Conclusions: These findings on muscle activation suggest protocols in which active flexion is introduced first at low speeds (30°/sec) in water, then at medium speeds (45°/sec) in water or on dry land, and finally at high speeds (90°/sec) on dry land before in water. Abduction requires higher stabilization, necessitating its introduction after flexion, with scaption introduced last. This model of progressive sequential movement ensures that early active motion and then stabilization are appropriately introduced. This should reduce rehabilitation time and improve therapeutic goals without compromising patient safety or introducing inappropriate muscle recruitment or movement speed.

Details

Title: Analysis of arm elevation muscle activity through different movement planes and speeds during in-water and dry-land exercise
Authors: Romualdo Castillo-Lozano (Author) - Malaga University, Spain
Antonio I Cuesta-Vargas (Author) - Malaga University, Spain
Charles P Gabel (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast - Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering
Publication details: Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Vol.23(2), pp.159-165
Publisher: Mosby, Inc.
Date published: 2014
DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2013.04.010
ISSN: 1058-2746
Organisation Unit: University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; School of Health and Sport Sciences - Legacy
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99448977602621
Output Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Web Of Science research areas: Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery