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Accuracy of body composition measurement techniques across the age-span
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Accuracy of body composition measurement techniques across the age-span

Grace Laura Rose, Morgan J Farley, Leigh C Ward, Gary Slater, Tina L Skinner, Shelley E Keating and Mia Schaumberg
Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, Vol.47, pp.482-494
2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2021-0587
PMID: 35041556
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https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2021-0587View
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Abstract

4-compartment adults agreement reference compartment model lean mass
This study investigated the acceptable accuracy of common body composition techniques compared with the reference 4-compartment (4C-R) model, which has not been investigated in a sample with diverse characteristics, including age and sex. Techniques included components of the 4C-R model [dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), air displacement plethysmography (ADP), deuterium dilution (DD)] and surrogate compartment-models, which utilized bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) rather than DD. Men and women (sex=1:1, 18-85 years, n=90) completed body composition testing under best-practice guidance. For measurement of individuals, only the reference 3-compartment (3C-R) equation met acceptable error limits (<5% error among individuals) within the a priori cut-point (80%) for fat-free mass (FFM; CV=0.52%) and fat mass (FM; CV=1.61%). However, all investigated techniques reached equivalency to the 4C-R model for FFM on average (CV=0.52–4.31%), but for FM only the 3C and 4C equations that included quantification of TBW by DD or BIS reached equivalency overall (CV=1.61-6.68%). Sex and age minimally influenced accuracy. Only the 3C-R or 4C-R equations are supported for acceptable individual accuracy for both FFM and FM. For group estimates any investigated technique could be used with acceptable accuracy for FFM, however for FM, inclusion of TBW measurement within a compartment model is necessary.Novelty bullets• Only the referent 3- and 4-compartment models (including deuterium dilution) provide accurate body composition results that are acceptable for measurement of individuals in the general population• For group estimates of lean mass in the general population, compartments model that include total body water must be used for accurate measurement

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Nutrition & Dietetics
Physiology
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