A systematic review of immunosuppressive risk factors and comorbidities associated with the development of crusted scabies

Gianni Bergamin; Joshua Hudson; Bart J Currie; Kate Mounsey

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107036

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A systematic review of immunosuppressive risk factors and comorbidities associated with the development of crusted scabies

Journal article

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A systematic review of immunosuppressive risk factors and comorbidities associated with the development of crusted scabies

Gianni Bergamin, Joshua Hudson, Bart J Currie and Kate Mounsey

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol.143, pp.1-9

2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107036

PMID: 38570134

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Abstract

Crusted scabies

HIV

HTLV-1

Immunosuppression

Norwegian scabies

Risk factors

Sarcoptes scabiei

Scabies

Objectives Crusted scabies (CS, Norwegian scabies) is a severe form of scabies, characterized by hyper-infestation of Sarcoptes scabiei mites. CS is commonly associated with immunosuppression but is also reported in overtly immunocompetent individuals. We reviewed immunosuppressive risk factors and comorbidities associated with CS. Methods The National Library of Medicine (PubMed) database was reviewed for patient case reports of CS from January 1998 to July 2023. Two authors screened records for eligibility, extracted data, and one critically appraised the quality of the studies. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42023466126. Results A total of 436 records were identified, of which 204 were included for systematic review. From these, 683 CS patients were included. CS impacted both genders equally. Adults (21-59 years) were more commonly affected (45.5%) compared to children (0-20 years, 21%). Corticosteroid use was the most prevalent immunosuppressive risk factor identified (27.7% of all cases). About 10.2% of reports were associated with HIV/AIDS, and 8.5% with HTLV-1 infection. 10.5% of patients were overtly immunocompetent with no known risk factors. Overall, 41 (6.0%) died, many subsequent to secondary bacteremia. Conclusion This study represents the first systematic review undertaken on immunosuppressive risk factors associated with CS. This provides insights into trends of immunosuppression and mechanisms of CS development.

Details

Title: A systematic review of immunosuppressive risk factors and comorbidities associated with the development of crusted scabies
Authors: Gianni Bergamin - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Health
Joshua Hudson - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Health
Bart J Currie - Charles Darwin University
Kate Mounsey (Corresponding Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Health - Biomedicine
Publication details: International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol.143, pp.1-9
Publisher: Elsevier Ltd
Date published: 2024
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107036
ISSN: 1878-3511
PMID: 38570134
Copyright note: © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Data Availability: The data supporting this article are available in the supplementary material.
Organisation Unit: School of Health - Biomedicine; School of Health; Marketing and Communications
Language: English
Record Identifier: 991023898902621
Output Type: Journal article

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