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Published VersionCC BY V4.0, Open Access
Journal article
A review of the impacts of Business Improvement Districts on crime and disorder
Crime Prevention and Community Safety, Vol.26, pp.245-265
2024
Abstract
Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) are an initiative adopted by some local governments, businesses, and residents to address concerns around crime and disorder in commercial areas, especially open street town centres. BIDs have become popular in the USA since the 1970s; however, no comprehensive review of evaluations has occurred to date. This paper systematically reviewed the academic literature to find 13 BID evaluations. These studies were examined in terms of their impacts on crime and disorder, displacement, and cost-effectiveness. Of the nine studies that quantitatively examined BID impacts on crime rates, eight (88%) found a reduction in one or more crime types. Six studies explored BID impacts on property crime, with all finding BIDs had a significant negative association with at least one type of property crime, with BIDs particularly effective at targeting vehicle-related offences. BIDs were also found to have a positive impact on reducing disorder and public nuisance type offences, however, had mixed evidence on violent crime, with three out of seven studies on violent crime finding BIDs can help to prevent robbery. Displacement of crime to surrounding areas was found to be rare, and the three studies that examined costs of operating BIDs all concluded they are cost-effective. The challenges of implementing BIDs are discussed, along with the implications for ongoing policy and practice development in the reduction of crime and disorder in commercial areas.
Details
- Title
- A review of the impacts of Business Improvement Districts on crime and disorder
- Authors
- Emily Moir (Corresponding Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Law and SocietyNatalee Cairns - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Law and SocietyTim Prenzler - University of the Sunshine CoastSusan Rayment-McHugh - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Law and Society
- Publication details
- Crime Prevention and Community Safety, Vol.26, pp.245-265
- Publisher
- Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.
- Date published
- 2024
- DOI
- 10.1057/s41300-024-00214-7
- ISSN
- 1743-4629
- Copyright note
- This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
- Organisation Unit
- Healthy Ageing Research Cluster; Indigenous and Transcultural Research Centre; Student Services and Engagement; School of Law and Society; Sexual Violence Research and Prevention Unit
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 991054380002621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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