A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Ke Wang; Amit Goldenberg; Charles A Dorison; Jeremy K Miller; Andero Uusberg; Jennifer S Lerner; James J Gross; Bamikole Bamikole Agesin; Márcia Bernardo; Olatz Campos; Luis Eudave; Karolina Grzech; Daphna Hausman Ozery; Emily A Jackson; Elkin Oswaldo Luis Garcia; Shira Meir Drexler; Kermeka Desai; Anita Penić Jurković; Kafeel Rana; Zoi Gialitaki; John Paul Wilson; Elizaveta Kushnir; Maria Antoniadi; Nadif Khaoula; Olalla Niño Bravo; Rafia Nauman; Marlies Oosterlinck; Myrto Pantazi; Natalia Pilecka; Anna Szabelska; I M M van Steenkiste; Katarzyna Filip; Andreea Ioana Bozdoc; Gabriela Mariana Marcu; Elena Agadullina; Matus Adamkovic; Marta Roczniewska; Cecilia Reyna; Angelos P Kassianos; Minja Westerlund; Lina Ahlgren; Sara Pöntinen; Gabriel Agboola Adetula; Pinar Dursun; Azuka Ikechukwu Arinze; Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze; Chisom Esther Ogbonnaya; Izuchukwu Lawrence Gabriel Ndukaihe; Ilker Dalgar; Handan Akkas; Paulo Manuel Macapagal; Savannah Lewis; Irem Metin-Orta; Francesco Foroni; Megan Willis; Anabela Caetano Santos; Aviv Mokady; Niv Reggev; Merve A Kurfali; Martin R Vasilev; Nora L Nock; Michal Parzuchowski; Mauricio F Espinoza Barria; Marek Vranka; Markéta Braun Kohlová; Ivan Ropovik; Mikayel Harutyunyan; Chunhui Wang; Elvin Yao; Maja Becker; Efisio Manunta; Gwenael Kaminski; Dafne Marko; Kortnee Evans; David M G Lewis; Andrej Findor; Anais Thibault Landry; J. J. B. R Aruta; Manuel S Ortiz; Zahir Vally; Ekaterina Pronizius; Martin Voracek; Claus Lamm; Maurice Grinberg; Ranran Li; Jaroslava Varella Valentova; Giovanna Mioni; Nicola Cellini; Sau-Chin Chen; Janis H Zickfeld; Karis Moon; Habiba Azab; Neil Louis Levy; Alper Karababa; Jennifer L Beaudry; Leanne Boucher; W Matthew Collins; Anna Louise Todsen; Kevin van  Schie; Jáchym Vintr; Jozef Bavolar; Lada Kaliska; Valerija Križanić; Lara Samojlenko; Razieh Pourafshari; Sandra J Geiger; Julia Beitner; Lara Warmelink; Robert M Ross; Ian D Stephen; Thomas Hostler; Soufian Azouaghe; Randy J McCarthy; Anna Szala; Caterina Grano; Claudio Singh Solorzano; Gulnaz Anjum; William Jiménez-Leal; Maria Bradford; Laura Calderon Perez; Julio E Cruz Vásquez; Oscar J Galindo-Caballero; Juan Camilo Vargas-Nieto; Ondrej Kacha; Alexios Arvanitis; Qinyu Xiao; Rodrigo Carcamo; Sasa Zorjan; Zuzanna Tajchman; Iris Vilares; Jeffrey M Pavlacic; Jonas R Kunst; Christian K Tamnes; Claudia C von Bastian; Mohammad Atari; Mohammad Hasan Sharifian; Monika Hricova; Pavol Kačmár; Jana  Schrotter; Rima-Maria Rahal; Noga Cohen; Saeideh FatahModares; Miha Zrimsek; Ilya Zakharov; Monica A Koehn; Celia Estaban-Serna; Robert J Calin-Jageman; Anthony J Krafnick; Eva Strukelj; Peder M Isager; Jan Urban; Jaime R Silva; Marcel Martoncik; Sanja Batic Ocovaj; Dusana Sakan; Anna O Kuzminska; Jasna Milosevic Djordjevic; Ines A T Almeida; Ana Cristina Gonçalves Ferreira; Ljiljana B Lazarevic; Harry Manley; Danilo Zambrano Ricaurte; Renan P Monteiro; Zahra Etabari; Erica D Musser; Daniel Dunleavy; Weilun Chou; Hendrik Godbersen; Susana Ruiz-Fernandez; Crystal Reeck; Carlota Batres; Komila Kirgizova; Abdumalik Muminov; Flavio Azevedo; Daniela Serrato Alverez; Muhammad Mussaffa Butt; Jeong Min Lee; Zhang Chen; Frederick Verbruggen; Ignazio Ziano; Murat Tumer; Abdelilah C A Charyate; Dmitrii Dubrov; Maria  del Carmen Tejada Rivera; Christopher Aberson; Bence Palfi; Monica Alarcon Maldonado; Barbora Hubena; Asli Sacakli; Chris D Ceary; Karley L Richard; Gage Singer; Jennifer T Perillo; Tonia Ballantyne; Wilson Cyrus-Lai; Maksim Fedotov; Hongfei Du; Magdalena Wielgus; Ilse L Pit; Matej Hruška; Daniela Sousa; Balazs Aczel; Barnabas Szaszi; Sylwia Adamus; Krystian Barzykowski; Leticia Micheli; Nadya-Daniela Schmidt; Andras N Zsido; Mariola Paruzel-Czachura; Michal Białek; Marta Kowal; Agnieszka Sorokowska; Michal Misiak; Debora Mola; Maria Victoria Ortiz; Pablo Sebastian Correa; Anabel Belaus; Fany Muchembled; Rafael R Ribeiro; Patricia Arriaga; Raquel Oliveira; Leigh Ann Vaughn; Paulina Szwed; Malgorzata Kossowska; Gabriela Czarnek; Julita Kielinkska; Benedict Antazo; Ruben Betlehem; Stefan Stieger; Gustav Nilsonne; Nicolle Simonovic; Jennifer Taber; Amelie Gourdon-Kanhukamwe; Artur Domurat; Keiko Ihaya; Yuki Yamada; Anum Urooj; Tripat Gill; Martin Čadek; Lisa Bylinina; Johanna Messerschmidt; Murathan Kurfali; Adeyemi Adetula; Ekaterina Baklanova; Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir; Heather B Kappes; Biljana Gjoneska; Thea House; Marc V Jones; Jana B Berkessel; William J Chopik; Sami Coksan; Martin Seehus; Ahmed Khaoudi; Ahmed Bokkour; Kanza Ait El Arabi; Ikhlas Djamai; Aishwarya Iyer; Neha Parashar; Arca Adiguzel; Halil Emre Kocalar; Carsten Bundt; James O Norton; Marietta Papadatou-Pastou; Anabel De la Rosa-Gomez; Vladislav Ankushev; Natalia Bogatyreva; Dmitry Grigoryev; Aleksandr Ivanov; Irina Prusova; Marina Romanova; Nandor Hajdu; Irena Sarieva; Maria Terskova; Evgeniya Hristova; Veselina Hristova Kadreva; Allison Janak; Vidar Schei; Therese E Sverdrup; Adrian Dahl Askelund; Lina Maria Sanabria Pineda; Dajana Krupic; Carmel A Levitan; Niklas Johannes; Nihal Ouherrou; Nicolas Say; Sladjana Sinkolova; Kristina Janjic; Marija Stojanovska; Dragana Stojanovska; Meetu Khosla; Andrew G Thomas; Franki Y H Kung; Gijsbert Bijlstra; Farnaz Mosannenzadeh; Busra Bahar Balci; Ulf-Dietrich Reips; Ernest Baskin; Byurakn Ishkhanyan; Johanna Czamanski-Cohen; Barnaby J W Dixson; See full text of article of full list of authors

doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01173-x

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A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

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A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Ke Wang, Amit Goldenberg, Charles A Dorison, Jeremy K Miller, Andero Uusberg, Jennifer S Lerner, James J Gross, Bamikole Bamikole Agesin, Márcia Bernardo, Olatz Campos, …

Nature Human Behaviour, Vol.5, pp.1089-1110

2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01173-x

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Abstract

COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world. Protocol registration These disturbing trends are caused partly by heightened levels of negative emotion and diminished levels of positive emotion, which have been found to contribute to a number of negative psychological, behavioural and health consequences. These include increased risk of anxiety and depressive disorders as well as other forms of psychopathology 14 ; impaired social connections 15 ; increased substance use 16–18 ; compromised immune system functioning 19–21 ; disturbed sleep 22 ; increased maladaptive eating 23,24 ; increased aggressive behaviour 25,26 ; impaired learning 27 ; worse job performance 28,29 ; and impaired economic decision-making 30,31. As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds around the world, we believe it is crucial to mitigate expected adverse outcomes by reducing negative emotions and increasing positive emotions. Such a change in emotions is central to increasing psychological resilience, a multifaceted concept that involves adaptive emotional responses in the face of adversity 32–34. Reappraisal—an emotion regulation strategy that involves changing how one thinks about a situation with the goal of influencing one's emotional response 35 —is a promising candidate as an intervention to increase psychological resilience due to its adaptability, simplicity and efficiency 34,36–38. In contrast to less effective emotion-regulation strategies such as suppression, reap-praisal generally leads to more successful regulation (d = 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.35, 0.56] in changing emotion experience in a meta-analysis 39 ; see caveats about interpreting effect sizes in past research in Methods, 'Sampling plan'). In particular, over the short term, reappraisal leads to decreased reports of negative emotion and increased reports of positive emotion 40–42 , as well as corresponding changes both in peripheral physiological responses 43–45 and central physiological responses 46–53. Over the longer term, reap-praisal is associated with stronger social connections 54 ; higher academic achievement 55,56 ; enhanced psychological well-being 57 ; fewer psychopathological symptoms 58,59 ; better cardiovascular health 60,61 , and greater resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic 62. Despite these shorter-term and longer-term benefits, most people do not reappraise consistently 63,64 , which has motivated efforts to teach people to use reappraisal (reviewed in refs. 65,66). For example, in the context of anxiety, reappraisal training led to reduced intrusive memories 67 and increased emotion-regulation self-efficacy 68,69. Reappraisal training also led to long-lasting changes in the neural representation of unpleasant events 70. Although demand characteristics are always a concern when examining the effects of reappraisal (given that one is teaching people to change their thinking in order to change how they're feeling, and then asking them how they feel) 71 , the wide array of self-report and non-self-report outcomes 39–53 that show reappraisal effects across studies increases confidence that these effects are real.

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Title: A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ke Wang (Author) - Harvard University
Amit Goldenberg (Author) - Harvard University
Charles A Dorison (Author) - Northwestern University
Jeremy K Miller (Corresponding Author) - Willamette University
Andero Uusberg (Author) - University of Tartu
Jennifer S Lerner (Author) - Harvard University
James J Gross (Author) - Stanford University
Bamikole Bamikole Agesin (Author) - Adekunle Ajasin University
Márcia Bernardo (Author) - Universidade do Porto
Olatz Campos (Author) - Universidad de Deusto
Luis Eudave (Author)
Karolina Grzech (Author)
Daphna Hausman Ozery (Author) - California State University Los Angeles
Emily A Jackson (Author) - University of Pennsylvania
Elkin Oswaldo Luis Garcia (Author) - Universidad de Navarra
Shira Meir Drexler (Author)
Kermeka Desai (Author) - University of Pennsylvania
Anita Penić Jurković (Author)
Kafeel Rana (Author)
Zoi Gialitaki (Author)
John Paul Wilson (Author) - Montclair State University
Elizaveta Kushnir (Author)
Maria Antoniadi (Author)
Nadif Khaoula (Author)
Olalla Niño Bravo (Author)
Rafia Nauman (Author)
Marlies Oosterlinck (Author)
Myrto Pantazi (Author) - University of Oxford
Natalia Pilecka (Author)
Anna Szabelska (Author) - Queen's University Belfast
I M M van Steenkiste (Author) - Leiden University
Katarzyna Filip (Author) - Jagiellonian University
Andreea Ioana Bozdoc (Author)
Gabriela Mariana Marcu (Author) - Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu
Elena Agadullina (Author) - National Research University Higher School of Economics
Matus Adamkovic (Author) - University of Prešov
Marta Roczniewska (Author)
Cecilia Reyna (Author)
Angelos P Kassianos (Author) - University of Cyprus
Minja Westerlund (Author) - Åbo Akademi University
Lina Ahlgren (Author) - Åbo Akademi University
Sara Pöntinen (Author) - Åbo Akademi University
Gabriel Agboola Adetula (Author) - Adekunle Ajasin University
Pinar Dursun (Author) - Afyon Kocatepe University
Azuka Ikechukwu Arinze (Author) - Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike
Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze (Author) - Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike
Chisom Esther Ogbonnaya (Author) - Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike
Izuchukwu Lawrence Gabriel Ndukaihe (Author) - Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike
Ilker Dalgar (Author)
Handan Akkas (Author)
Paulo Manuel Macapagal (Author) - Arellano University
Savannah Lewis (Author) - Ashland University
Irem Metin-Orta (Author) - Atilim University
Francesco Foroni (Author) - Australian Catholic University
Megan Willis (Author)
Anabela Caetano Santos (Author)
Aviv Mokady (Author) - Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Niv Reggev (Author) - Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Merve A Kurfali (Author) - Bilkent University
Martin R Vasilev (Author) - Bournemouth University
Nora L Nock (Author) - Case Western Reserve University
Michal Parzuchowski (Author)
Mauricio F Espinoza Barria (Author)
Marek Vranka (Author) - Charles University
Markéta Braun Kohlová (Author) - Charles University
Ivan Ropovik (Author) - University of Prešov
Mikayel Harutyunyan (Author) - Charles University
Chunhui Wang (Author) - Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention
Elvin Yao (Author) - Claremont Graduate University
Maja Becker (Author) - University of Toulouse
Efisio Manunta (Author) - University of Toulouse
Gwenael Kaminski (Author) - Institut Universitaire de France
Dafne Marko (Author) - University of Ljubljana
Kortnee Evans (Author) - Murdoch University
David M G Lewis (Author) - Murdoch University
Andrej Findor (Author) - Comenius University Bratislava
Anais Thibault Landry (Author) - Concordia University
J. J. B. R Aruta (Author)
Manuel S Ortiz (Author) - Universidad de La Frontera
Zahir Vally (Author) - United Arab Emirates University
Ekaterina Pronizius (Author)
Martin Voracek (Author) - University of Vienna
Claus Lamm (Author)
Maurice Grinberg (Author)
Ranran Li (Author) - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Jaroslava Varella Valentova (Author) - University of Sao Paulo
Giovanna Mioni (Author) - University of Padua
Nicola Cellini (Author) - University of Padua
Sau-Chin Chen (Author) - Tzu Chi University
Janis H Zickfeld (Author) - University of Oslo
Karis Moon (Author) - Kingston University
Habiba Azab (Author) - Baylor College of Medicine
Neil Louis Levy (Author) - Macquarie University
Alper Karababa (Author)
Jennifer L Beaudry (Author) - Swinburne University of Technology
Leanne Boucher (Author) - Nova Southeastern University
W Matthew Collins (Author) - Nova Southeastern University
Anna Louise Todsen (Author) - University of St Andrews
Kevin van Schie (Author) - University of Cambridge
Jáchym Vintr (Author) - Charles University
Jozef Bavolar (Author)
Lada Kaliska (Author) - Matej Bel University
Valerija Križanić (Author) - University of Osijek
Lara Samojlenko (Author) - University of Primorska
Razieh Pourafshari (Author) - University of Tehran
Sandra J Geiger (Author) - University of Amsterdam
Julia Beitner (Author) - Goethe University Frankfurt
Lara Warmelink (Author) - Lancaster University
Robert M Ross (Author) - Macquarie University
Ian D Stephen (Author) - Macquarie University
Thomas Hostler (Author) - Manchester Metropolitan University
Soufian Azouaghe (Author) - Mohammed V University
Randy J McCarthy (Author) - Northern Illinois University
Anna Szala (Author) - Oakland University
Caterina Grano (Author) - Sapienza University of Rome
Claudio Singh Solorzano (Author) - Sapienza University of Rome
Gulnaz Anjum (Author) - Simon Fraser University
William Jiménez-Leal (Author)
Maria Bradford (Author) - Universidad de Los Andes
Laura Calderon Perez (Author) - Universidad de Los Andes
Julio E Cruz Vásquez (Author) - Universidad de Los Andes
Oscar J Galindo-Caballero (Author) - Universidad de Los Andes
Juan Camilo Vargas-Nieto (Author) - Universidad de Los Andes
Ondrej Kacha (Author) - University of Cambridge
Alexios Arvanitis (Author) - University of Crete
Qinyu Xiao (Author) - University of Hong Kong
Rodrigo Carcamo (Author) - Universidad de Magallanes
Sasa Zorjan (Author) - University of Maribor
Zuzanna Tajchman (Author) - University of Minnesota
Iris Vilares (Author) - University of Minnesota
Jeffrey M Pavlacic (Author)
Jonas R Kunst (Author) - University of Oslo
Christian K Tamnes (Author) - University of Oslo
Claudia C von Bastian (Author) - University of Sheffield
Mohammad Atari (Author) - University of Southern California
Mohammad Hasan Sharifian (Author)
Monika Hricova (Author) - University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik
Pavol Kačmár (Author)
Jana Schrotter (Author) - University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik
Rima-Maria Rahal (Author) - Tilburg University
Noga Cohen (Author) - University of Haifa
Saeideh FatahModares (Author)
Miha Zrimsek (Author) - University of Ljubljana
Ilya Zakharov (Author) - Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education
Monica A Koehn (Author) - Western Sydney University
Celia Estaban-Serna (Author) - University College London
Robert J Calin-Jageman (Author) - Dominican University
Anthony J Krafnick (Author) - Dominican University
Eva Strukelj (Author) - Sapienza University of Rome
Peder M Isager (Author) - Eindhoven University of Technology
Jan Urban (Author) - Charles University
Jaime R Silva (Author) - Universidad del Desarrollo
Marcel Martoncik (Author)
Sanja Batic Ocovaj (Author)
Dusana Sakan (Author)
Anna O Kuzminska (Author) - University of Warsaw
Jasna Milosevic Djordjevic (Author) - Singidunum University
Ines A T Almeida (Author) - University of Coimbra
Ana Cristina Gonçalves Ferreira (Author) - Universidade Federal de Alfenas
Ljiljana B Lazarevic (Author)
Harry Manley (Author)
Danilo Zambrano Ricaurte (Author) - Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz
Renan P Monteiro (Author) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
Zahra Etabari (Author) - Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Erica D Musser (Author) - Florida International University
Daniel Dunleavy (Author) - Florida State University
Weilun Chou (Author) - Fo Guang University
Hendrik Godbersen (Author) - FOM University of Applied Sciences for Economics and Management
Susana Ruiz-Fernandez (Author) - FOM University of Applied Sciences for Economics and Management
Crystal Reeck (Author) - Temple University, Japan
Carlota Batres (Author) - Franklin & Marshall College
Komila Kirgizova (Author)
Abdumalik Muminov (Author)
Flavio Azevedo (Author) - Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Daniela Serrato Alverez (Author) - Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz
Muhammad Mussaffa Butt (Author)
Jeong Min Lee (Author) - Georgia State University
Zhang Chen (Author) - Ghent University
Frederick Verbruggen (Author) - Ghent University
Ignazio Ziano (Author) - Grenoble Ecole de Management
Murat Tumer (Author) - Hacettepe University
Abdelilah C A Charyate (Author)
Dmitrii Dubrov (Author) - National Research University Higher School of Economics
Maria del Carmen Tejada Rivera (Author) - Universidad del Desarrollo
Christopher Aberson (Author)
Bence Palfi (Author) - University of Sussex
Monica Alarcon Maldonado (Author)
Barbora Hubena (Author) - Charles University
Asli Sacakli (Author)
Chris D Ceary (Author) - Indiana University of Pennsylvania
Karley L Richard (Author) - Indiana University of Pennsylvania
Gage Singer (Author) - Indiana University of Pennsylvania
Jennifer T Perillo (Author) - Indiana University of Pennsylvania
Tonia Ballantyne (Author) - Indiana University of Pennsylvania
Wilson Cyrus-Lai (Author) - INSEAD
Maksim Fedotov (Author)
Hongfei Du (Author)
Magdalena Wielgus (Author) - Jagiellonian University
Ilse L Pit (Author) - University of Oxford
Matej Hruška (Author)
Daniela Sousa (Author) - University of Coimbra
Balazs Aczel (Author) - Eötvös Loránd University
Barnabas Szaszi (Author) - Eötvös Loránd University
Sylwia Adamus (Author) - Jagiellonian University
Krystian Barzykowski (Author) - Jagiellonian University
Leticia Micheli (Author) - Leibniz University Hannover
Nadya-Daniela Schmidt (Author) - University of Hildesheim
Andras N Zsido (Author) - University of Pecs
Mariola Paruzel-Czachura (Author)
Michal Białek (Author)
Marta Kowal (Author)
Agnieszka Sorokowska (Author)
Michal Misiak (Author)
Debora Mola (Author) - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
Maria Victoria Ortiz (Author) - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
Pablo Sebastian Correa (Author) - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
Anabel Belaus (Author) - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
Fany Muchembled (Author)
Rafael R Ribeiro (Author)
Patricia Arriaga (Author)
Raquel Oliveira (Author)
Leigh Ann Vaughn (Author)
Paulina Szwed (Author) - Jagiellonian University
Malgorzata Kossowska (Author) - Jagiellonian University
Gabriela Czarnek (Author) - Jagiellonian University
Julita Kielinkska (Author) - Jagiellonian University
Benedict Antazo (Author) - Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Ruben Betlehem (Author) - University of Osijek
Stefan Stieger (Author) - Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences
Gustav Nilsonne (Author) - Stockholm University
Nicolle Simonovic (Author) - Kent State University
Jennifer Taber (Author) - Kent State University
Amelie Gourdon-Kanhukamwe (Author) - Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education
Artur Domurat (Author) - Kozminski University
Keiko Ihaya (Author) - Kyushu University
Yuki Yamada (Author)
Anum Urooj (Author) - La Trobe University
Tripat Gill (Author) - Wilfrid Laurier University
Martin Čadek (Author) - Leeds Beckett University
Lisa Bylinina (Author) - Leiden University
Johanna Messerschmidt (Author)
Murathan Kurfali (Author) - Stockholm University
Adeyemi Adetula (Author) - Université Grenoble Alpes
Ekaterina Baklanova (Author) - Lomonosov Moscow State University
Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir (Author) - London School of Economics and Political Science
Heather B Kappes (Author) - London School of Economics and Political Science
Biljana Gjoneska (Author)
Thea House (Author) - Macquarie University
Marc V Jones (Author) - Manchester Metropolitan University
Jana B Berkessel (Author) - University of Mannheim
William J Chopik (Author) - Michigan State University
Sami Coksan (Author)
Martin Seehus (Author) - University of Vermont
Ahmed Khaoudi (Author) - Mohammed V University
Ahmed Bokkour (Author) - Mohammed V University
Kanza Ait El Arabi (Author) - Mohammed V University
Ikhlas Djamai (Author) - Mohammed V University
Aishwarya Iyer (Author) - Sampurna Montfort College - Bengaluru, India
Neha Parashar (Author)
Arca Adiguzel (Author)
Halil Emre Kocalar (Author)
Carsten Bundt (Author) - University of Oslo
James O Norton (Author) - Murdoch University
Marietta Papadatou-Pastou (Author)
Anabel De la Rosa-Gomez (Author)
Vladislav Ankushev (Author) - National Research University Higher School of Economics
Natalia Bogatyreva (Author) - National Research University Higher School of Economics
Dmitry Grigoryev (Author) - National Research University Higher School of Economics
Aleksandr Ivanov (Author) - National Research University Higher School of Economics
Irina Prusova (Author) - National Research University Higher School of Economics
Marina Romanova (Author) - National Research University Higher School of Economics
Nandor Hajdu (Author) - Eötvös Loránd University
Irena Sarieva (Author) - National Research University Higher School of Economics
Maria Terskova (Author) - National Research University Higher School of Economics
Evgeniya Hristova (Author) - New Bulgarian University
Veselina Hristova Kadreva (Author)
Allison Janak (Author) - New York University
Vidar Schei (Author) - Norwegian School of Economics
Therese E Sverdrup (Author)
Adrian Dahl Askelund (Author)
Lina Maria Sanabria Pineda (Author) - Universidad de Los Andes, Chile
Dajana Krupic (Author)
Carmel A Levitan (Author) - Occidental College
Niklas Johannes (Author)
Nihal Ouherrou (Author)
Nicolas Say (Author)
Sladjana Sinkolova (Author)
Kristina Janjic (Author)
Marija Stojanovska (Author)
Dragana Stojanovska (Author)
Meetu Khosla (Author) - University of Delhi
Andrew G Thomas (Author) - Swansea University
Franki Y H Kung (Author)
Gijsbert Bijlstra (Author) - Radboud University Nijmegen
Farnaz Mosannenzadeh (Author) - Radboud University Nijmegen
Busra Bahar Balci (Author) - Samsun University
Ulf-Dietrich Reips (Author)
Ernest Baskin (Author) - Saint Joseph's University
Byurakn Ishkhanyan (Author)
Johanna Czamanski-Cohen (Author) - University of Haifa
Barnaby J W Dixson (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Legacy
See full text of article of full list of authors (Author)
Publication details: Nature Human Behaviour, Vol.5, pp.1089-1110
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01173-x
ISSN: 2397-3374
Organisation Unit: School of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Legacy; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research; School of Health - Psychology
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99579408402621
Output Type: Journal article

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