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A Vernalization Response in a Winter Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Involves the Upregulation of Homologs of FT, FUL, and MAF2.58 MB
Published VersionCC BY V4.0, Open Access
Journal article
A Vernalization Response in a Winter Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Involves the Upregulation of Homologs of FT, FUL, and MAF
Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol.12, pp.1-17
2021
PMID: 33859660
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is a member of the Asteraceae family that is grown in temperate climates as an oil seed crop. Most commercially grown safflower varieties can be sown in late winter or early spring and flower rapidly in the absence of overwintering. There are winter-hardy safflower accessions that can be sown in autumn and survive over-wintering. Here, we show that a winter-hardy safflower possesses a vernalization response, whereby flowering is accelerated by exposing germinating seeds to prolonged cold. The impact of vernalization was quantitative, such that increasing the duration of cold treatment accelerated flowering to a greater extent, until the response was saturated after 2 weeks exposure to low-temperatures. To investigate the molecular-basis of the vernalization-response in safflower, transcriptome activity was compared and contrasted between vernalized versus non-vernalized plants, in both 'winter hardy' and 'spring' cultivars. These genome-wide expression analyses identified a small set of transcripts that are both differentially expressed following vernalization and that also have different expression levels in the spring versus winter safflowers. Four of these transcripts were quantitatively induced by vernalization in a winter hardy safflower but show high basal levels in spring safflower. Phylogenetic analyses confidently assigned that the nucleotide sequences of the four differentially expressed transcripts are related to FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), FRUITFUL (FUL), and two genes within the MADS-like clade genes. Gene models were built for each of these sequences by assembling an improved safflower reference genome using PacBio-based long-read sequencing, covering 85% of the genome, with N50 at 594,000 bp in 3000 contigs. Possible evolutionary relationships between the vernalization response of safflower and those of other plants are discussed.
Details
- Title
- A Vernalization Response in a Winter Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Involves the Upregulation of Homologs of FT, FUL, and MAF
- Authors
- Darren P. Cullerne (Author) - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationSid Fjellheim (Author) - Norwegian University of Life SciencesAndrew Spriggs (Author) - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationAndrew Eamens (Author) - University of Newcastle AustraliaBen Trevaskis (Author) - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationCraig C. Wood (Author) - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
- Publication details
- Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol.12, pp.1-17
- Publisher
- Frontiers Research Foundation
- Date published
- 2021
- DOI
- 10.3389/fpls.2021.639014
- ISSN
- 1664-462X
- PMID
- 33859660
- Copyright note
- Copyright © 2021 Cullerne, Fjellheim, Spriggs, Eamens, Trevaskis and Wood. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
- Grant note
- GRDC (Grains Research and Development Corporation); Grains R&D Corp CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation)
- Organisation Unit
- School of Health - Biomedicine; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; School of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Legacy
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99656594002621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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