Journal article
A Review of Major Animal Models Relevant to Contemporary Orthopaedic Repair of the Appendicular Skeleton in Humans (Part 1: healing in the presence of bone defects, non-union and inter-current disease)
EC Orthopaedics, Vol.4(2), pp.483-510
2016
Abstract
Animal models have long been used as a bridge from in vitro to the human patient to provide insights both as a precursor and valued addition to human-based research. Many animal models have been developed to investigate bone regeneration and repair. Animal models continue to have a place in orthopaedic innovation and development. Ethical constraints as well as reasons of experimental design limit direct progression to human clinical studies. Used with discretion to limit the impact on animal welfare, each species provides a unique perspective on the performance of prostheses, healing and repair processes in different scenarios. Although results often cannot be directly 'translated' to human patients, these provide invaluable windows of enlightenment to broaden our perspective on future innovative approaches. Some species such as the fish are cheap and bone changes can be directly visualised in living subjects. Others such as the mouse have been selectively bred for genotypic traits. Larger animal models may be more suitable in terms of size, to test scale versions of prosthetics and to evaluate mechanical properties. The objective of this paper is to review animal models relevant to contemporary orthopaedic surgery of the appendicular skeleton. To help guide readers to relevant data, we have structured this review by major animal species and separated the models into those considering either mechanical healing (including bone defects) and healing in the presence of other disease factors including infection to provide a resource to help future researchers locate definitive study references. Metabolic disease including osteoporosis and comparative imaging are considered separately in the follow-on review paper. The intention is to provide a resource for quick reference of established models in major non-primate species and to maximise the value of previous work on animals models used to study orthopaedic repair in the appendicular long bones.
Details
- Title
- A Review of Major Animal Models Relevant to Contemporary Orthopaedic Repair of the Appendicular Skeleton in Humans (Part 1: healing in the presence of bone defects, non-union and inter-current disease)
- Authors
- Lloyd Reeve-Johnson (Author) - Queensland University of TechnologyM Schuetz (Author) - Queensland University of Technology
- Publication details
- EC Orthopaedics, Vol.4(2), pp.483-510
- Publisher
- ECronicon Open Access
- Date published
- 2016
- Copyright note
- Copyright © All rights reserved by Reeve-Johnson L and Schuetz M. Open Access by ECronicon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
- Organisation Unit
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99451496902621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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