A Dwarf Phenotype Identified in Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Plants Growing on Marang (A. odoratissimus) Rootstocks

Yuchan Zhou; Steven J R Underhill

doi:10.3390/horticulturae5020040

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A Dwarf Phenotype Identified in Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Plants Growing on Marang (A. odoratissimus) Rootstocks

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A Dwarf Phenotype Identified in Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Plants Growing on Marang (A. odoratissimus) Rootstocks

Yuchan Zhou and Steven J R Underhill

Horticulturae, Vol.5(2), 40

2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5020040

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Abstract

breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis)

dwarfing

rootstock

inter-specific rootstock

marang (A.odoratissimus)

sugar

plasma membrane H+-ATPase

Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a tropical fruit tree primarily grown as a staple crop for food security in Oceania. Significant wind damage has driven an interest in developing its dwarf phenotype. The presence of any dwarf breadfruit variety remains unknown. Little is known regarding the growth of the species on rootstocks. Here, we examined the phenotype of breadfruit plants growing on marang (Artocarpus odoratissimus) rootstocks within 18 months after grafting; we identified a rootstock-induced dwarf trait in the species. This dwarf phenotype was characterized by shorter stems, reduced stem thickness and fewer branches, with 73% shorter internode length, 51% fewer and 40% smaller leaves compared to standard size breadfruit plants. The height of breadfruit plants on marang rootstocks was reduced by 49% in 9 months, and 59% in 18 months after grafting. The results suggest marang rootstocks can be applied to breadfruit breeding program for tree vigor control. Further biochemical characterization showed plants on marang rootstocks displayed leaves without change of total chlorophyll content, but with lower total soluble sugars, and stems with reduced activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase, a well-known primary proton pump essential for nutrient transport. The significance of the two parameters in rootstock dwarfing is discussed.

Details

Title: A Dwarf Phenotype Identified in Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Plants Growing on Marang (A. odoratissimus) Rootstocks
Authors: Yuchan Zhou (Corresponding Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast - School of Science & Engineering
Steven J R Underhill (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast - School of Science & Engineering
Publication details: Horticulturae, Vol.5(2), 40; 11
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date published: 2019
DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae5020040
ISSN: 2311-7524
Copyright note: Copyright © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Organisation Unit: Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; Sustainability Research Cluster
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99451393702621
Output Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration
Web Of Science research areas: Horticulture