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Regulation of Macrophage Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Inflammatory Processes by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Dissertation   Open access

Regulation of Macrophage Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Inflammatory Processes by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Lara T Meital
University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland
Doctor of Philosophy, University of the Sunshine Coast
2019
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25907/00531
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Abstract

abdominal aortic aneurysm docosahexaenoic acid eicosahexaenoic acid endotoxin tolerance glutathione peroxidase heme oxygenase 1 inflammation lipid rafts macrophages monocyte isolation omega-3 index omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids oxidative stress toll-like receptor 4
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a degenerative vascular disease involving focal dilation of the abdominal aorta (≥3 cm) that can lead to lethal rupture. The condition affects up to 3% of adults over the age of 65 years and no proven pharmacological treatments exist to alter the natural history of progressive expansion over time. In aneurysmal degeneration, immune-inflammatory responses and aberrant redox status initiate molecular events that culminate in destructive remodeling of aortic connective tissue. While the mechanisms underlying these changes remain incompletely understood, preclinical evidence from AAA rodent models suggests treatment strategies targeting vascular inflammation are likely to yield improvements that reduce or attenuate AAA growth. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are well documented to downregulate multiple aspects of the inflammatory process and to quench injury- and infection-induced inflammatory conditions. The potential of these fatty acids to prevent and/or improve adverse outcomes associated with impaired redox balance and disturbed antioxidant status is a new area of investigation that, in conjunction with their anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution properties adds plausibility to their proposed use as an adjunct therapy in AAA. This research thus aimed to evaluate the impact of physiologically appropriate n-3 PUFA supplementation on cellular antioxidant defence in patients diagnosed with small AAA.

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