Dissertation
Early intervention among Jordanian youth at risk for T2DM to prevent disease onset and complications, through lifestyle change and self-efficacy
University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland
Doctor of Philosophy, University of the Sunshine Coast
2013
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25907/00597
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to provide nurses with non-pharmaceutical tools for early intervention teaching self care and lifestyle change to adolescents and their parents thereby preventing early diabetes and later complications for Jordanian youth at risk of T2DM. The scope involves reducing modifiable risk factors through understanding diet, exercise and using self-efficacy for lifestyle adherence to reduce weight and blood glucose level over 12 weeks. Quantitative methodology systematically measured 378 male and female overweight and obese adolescents with and without diabetes family history aged 12 - 18 in two Irbid high schools (Jordan), in a middle socio-economic area using a randomly selected single-blind controlled trial. Variables studied were weight, blood glucose level, diet and exercise based on Self Efficacy from Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory for adherence interacting with the fixed factors of gender, diabetes family history, and parental education level. Data was collected pre- and post- intervention from measurements and surveys retrospectively at 12 weeks. Parents and school staff were involved with fortnightly supporting advice and collection of student self-records for weekly diet and exercise. Findings showed significant reduction in both weight and fasting blood glucose in the intervention group resulting from lifestyle change. This demonstrated knowledge and practice of a healthier diet with increased physical activity. Mean weight difference between intervention and control groups was measured at 3.3kg; blood glucose mean difference was 1.36mg/dl. Fixed factors were not significant in this study. Conclusions demonstrated advantageous use of a traditional society where adolescents respect and obey their elders to achieve the study result. Using the school system is a minimal cost solution capable of transfer to similar countries. It utilizes to the fullest extent the skills of nurses and incorporates cooperation with parents and community teachers ensuring lasting effects for self-care. Limitations include maintaining lifestyle behavior change with time given the 12 week study length. Self-reported data has inherent weaknesses. Level of interest, knowledge of self-efficacy, family, school and social support factors could not be measured. The study utilized an urban median socio-economic urban population employing a cross-sectional sample design. Cultural values could have decreased girls' physical activity participation. The study contributes a non-pharmaceutical method of T2DM prevention that is cost-minimal based on self-belief and the program can be implemented in high schools elsewhere with parental support.
Details
- Title
- Early intervention among Jordanian youth at risk for T2DM to prevent disease onset and complications, through lifestyle change and self-efficacy
- Authors
- Ayman Bani Salameh
- Contributors
- Leonie Mosel Williams (Supervisor)
- Awarding institution
- University of the Sunshine Coast
- Degree awarded
- Doctor of Philosophy
- Publisher
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland
- DOI
- 10.25907/00597
- Organisation Unit
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine - Legacy
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99450009002621
- Output Type
- Dissertation
- Research Statement
- false
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