Caregivers Experiences of Children with Autism Receiving Out-Patient Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Treatment A Qualitative Phenomenological Study

Parenting a child with autism presents multiple challenges, further intensified when access to early intervention is disrupted, as occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. A female child was diagnosed with autism at age 2.5 and began transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) after five years of behavioural therapy and supported mainstream schooling. The caregiver (mother) participated in an in-depth, semi-structured interview as part of a qualitative study using Braun and Clarke's six-step thematic analysis approach. Several key themes emerged. The mother demonstrated a strong sense of responsibility to pursue all potential therapies that could improve her daughter's outcomes. Her commitment involved significant sacrifice, as the family travelled interstate for TMS treatment, facing substantial financial burdens from accommodation, transportation, and lost income, alongside the emotional strain of limited local support.

This journey was marked by a complex emotional landscape, blending hope and anxiety, with the caregiver describing her mental load as comparable to battlefield stress, resulting in exhaustion and emotional fatigue. Despite these challenges, the mother reported positive treatment outcomes, including improved communication, emotional expression, and strengthened parent-child connection, which resulted in renewed optimism. While some peer support was available, social isolation persisted due to a conscious withdrawal from online communities in response to stigma and criticism of medical interventions like TMS for autism. The caregiver held a strong belief in medical innovation, viewing TMS as a necessary, brain-based approach that contrasted with traditional behavioural therapies. The demands of treatment significantly disrupted family routines and constrained opportunities for rest and self-care. These initial findings highlight the importance of logistical and emotional support for families, the need for accessible treatment options, and the value of interdisciplinary care. Additional caregiver interviews may further illuminate shared stressors and guide the development of additional supportive services.