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Time added on: the impact of multiple AI teammates on referee decision-making
Conference paper   Peer reviewed

Time added on: the impact of multiple AI teammates on referee decision-making

Maia Low, Jolene A Cox, Brandon King, Scott McLean, Chris Baber and Paul Salmon
Contemporary Ergonomics and Human Factors 2026, pp.567-569
Ergonomics and Human Factors Annual Conference, 2026 (Nottingham, United Kingdom, 27-Apr-2026–29-Apr-2026)
Chartered Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors (CIEHF)
2026
url
https://publications.ergonomics.org.uk/uploads/Time-added-on-the-impact-of-multiple-AI-teammates-on-refe.pdfView
Published Version Open

Abstract

Artificial intelligence Teamwork Human autonomy team Sports officiating
There is a critical need to understand how the increasing deployment of AI technologies within Human-Autonomy Teams (HATs) impacts performance in different contexts. We investigated the effect of HAT composition (Human-AI dyad versus Human-AI-AI triad) on football referee decision-making performance for foul or no foul decisions in a series of English Premier League match excerpts. The findings demonstrated that decisions took longer in the human-AI-AI triad condition but decision accuracy and confidence were not impacted by HAT composition.

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