Abstract
Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are poised to transform the transport system. However, significant uncertainties remain about their impact, particularly regarding concerns that this advanced technology might exacerbate injustices, such as safety disparities for vulnerable road users (VRUs). Therefore, understanding the potential conflicts of this technology with societal values such as justice and safety is crucial for responsible implementation. To date, no research has focused on what safety and justice in transport mean in the context of CAV deployment and how the potential benefits of CAVs can be harnessed without exacerbating the existing vulnerabilities and injustices VRUs face. This paper addresses this gap by exploring car drivers' and pedestrians' perceptions of safety and justice issues that CAVs might exacerbate using an existing theoretical framework. Employing a qualitative approach, the study delves into the nuanced aspects of these concepts. Interviews were conducted with 30 participants (40% pedestrians) in Queensland, Australia, aged between 18 and 79. These interviews were recorded, transcribed, organised, and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three main themes emerged from the participants' discussions: (1) CAVs as a safety problem for VRUs, (2) CAVs as a justice problem for VRUs, and (3) CAVs as an alignment with societal values problem. Participants emphasised the safety challenges CAVs pose for VRUs, highlighting the need for thorough evaluation and regulatory oversight. Concerns were also raised about CAVs potentially marginalising vulnerable groups within society. Participants advocated for inclusive discussions and a justice-oriented approach to designing a comprehensive transport system to address these concerns.