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Estuarine and Coastal Structures: Environmental Effects
Book chapter   Peer reviewed

Estuarine and Coastal Structures: Environmental Effects

J E Dugan, L Airoldi, M G Chapman, Simon J Walker and Thomas Schlacher
Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Vol.8, pp.17-41
Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, Elsevier Ltd.
2012
url
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374711-2.00802-0View
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Abstract

estuarine
Rapidly growing populations and expanding development are intensifying pressures on coastal ecosystems. Sea-level rise and other predicted effects of climate change are expected to exert even greater pressures on coastal ecosystems, exacerbating erosion, degrading habitat, and accelerating shoreline retreat. Historically, society's responses to threats from erosion and shoreline retreat have relied on armoring and other engineered coastal defenses. Despite widespread use on all types of shorelines, information about the ecological impacts of shoreline armoring is quite limited. Here we summarize existing knowledge on the effects of armoring structures on the biodiversity, productivity, structure, and function of coastal ecoystems.

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