Abstract
We have developed novel biosensing devices operated by DNA-based computing elements that display results in human-readable text, but do not require batteries or wires because molecules themselves power the device. The text displays can operate in solution phase using a fluorescent output, or be embedded onto a lateral flow device with colorimetric output. The adaptation of molecules into computational components enables unprecedented control over molecular operations and provides a novel interface to autonomously interpret molecular signals without requiring advanced laboratory instruments and sophisticated operations. These devices demonstrate the power of molecular engineering for the advancement of new technology frontiers.