Journal article
Sediment and Fecal Indicator Bacteria Loading in a Mixed Land Use Watershed: Contributions from Suspended Sediment and Bedload Transport
Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol.50(3), pp.598-611
2021
Abstract
Overland transport of fecal bacteria in water and their resuspension from bed sediments are important transport mechanisms that help explain the transport of enteric pathogens in watersheds. In this study, multi‐year monitoring along with regression relationships between sediment and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were used to investigate annual loading in the South Fork Broad River (SFBR) watershed, located in northeast Georgia, USA. Suspended transport was the dominant transport mechanism contributing to in‐stream total annual loads for sediment (81.4% to 98.1%) and FIB (> 98%). Annual bedload transport of FIB was small and E. coli (up to 1.8%) contributed more to annual bedload FIB than enterococci (≤ 0.03%). Bedload contributions of FIB increased with the duration of critical discharge exceedance, indicating a prolonged risk of exposure to enteric pathogens during extended periods of high flows, which is important during major storm events. The risk of exposure to enteric pathogens through pathways such as recreational use and drinking water treatment could be much greater because fecal bacteria are released from sediment during higher flows, and dominantly transported in suspension when bedload are not actively moving. Therefore, the combined contribution of fecal bacteria from overland and bedload‐associated transport should be considered in risk assessments. Discharge, bedload, and FIB data collected over two years in this study can supplement future hydrologic modeling and microbial risk assessment modeling efforts.
Details
- Title
- Sediment and Fecal Indicator Bacteria Loading in a Mixed Land Use Watershed: Contributions from Suspended Sediment and Bedload Transport
- Authors
- J Kenneth Bradshaw (Author) - Oak Ridge Institute for Science and EducationBlake J Snyder (Author) - U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyDavid Spidle (Author) - U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyRoy Sidle (Author) - University of Central AsiaKathleen Sullivan (Author) - U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyMarirosa Molina (Corresponding Author) - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Publication details
- Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol.50(3), pp.598-611
- Publisher
- John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Date published
- 2021
- DOI
- 10.1002/jeq2.20166
- ISSN
- 1537-2537
- Copyright note
- This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Bradshaw, JK, Snyder, B, Spidle, D, Sidle, RC, Sullivan, K, Molina, M. Sediment and Fecal Indicator Bacteria Loading in a Mixed Land Use Watershed: Contributions from Suspended Sediment and Bedload Transport. J. Environ. Qual. 2021; 50: 598– 611. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20166, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20166. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.
- Organisation Unit
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; Sustainability Research Cluster
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99482296802621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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