Journal article
Relationships between Nut Size, Kernel Quality, Nutritional Composition and Levels of Outcrossing in Three Macadamia Cultivars
Plants, Vol.9(2), 228
2020
Abstract
Tree nuts play an important role in healthy diets, but their economic value and nutritional quality may be affected by their size and paternity. We assessed relationships between nut size and kernel recovery, the incidence of whole kernels, fatty acid composition and mineral nutrient concentrations in three macadamia cultivars, "Daddow", "816" and "A4". We determined to what extent differences in nut size and quality were the result of different levels of cross- or self-paternity. Small nuts of all cultivars had lower kernel recovery than large nuts, and small nuts provided lower incidence of whole kernels in "Daddow" and "A4". Small kernels had a lower relative abundance of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, in all cultivars and higher relative abundance of the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, in "Daddow" and "A4". Small kernels had higher concentrations of many essential nutrients such as nitrogen and calcium, although potassium concentrations were lower in small kernels. Most nuts arose from cross-pollination. Therefore, nut size and kernel quality were not related to different levels of cross- and self-paternity. Identified cross-paternity was 88%, 78% and 90%, and identified self-paternity was 3%, 2% and 0%, for "Daddow", "816" and "A4", respectively. Small macadamia kernels are at least as nutritious as large macadamia kernels. High levels of cross-paternity confirmed that many macadamia cultivars are predominantly outcrossing. Macadamia growers may need to closely inter-plant cultivars and manage beehives to maximise cross-pollination.
Details
- Title
- Relationships between Nut Size, Kernel Quality, Nutritional Composition and Levels of Outcrossing in Three Macadamia Cultivars
- Authors
- Tarran Richards (Author) - University of the Sunshine CoastWiebke Kaemper (Author) - University of the Sunshine CoastStephen J Trueman (Author) - University of the Sunshine CoastHelen M Wallace (Author) - University of the Sunshine CoastSteven Ogbourne (Author) - University of the Sunshine CoastPeter R Brooks (Author) - University of the Sunshine CoastJoel Nichols (Author) - University of the Sunshine CoastShahla Hosseini Bai (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast
- Publication details
- Plants, Vol.9(2), 228; 15
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Date published
- 2020
- DOI
- 10.3390/plants9020228
- ISSN
- 2223-7747; 2223-7747
- Copyright note
- Copyright © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
- Organisation Unit
- School of Science and Engineering - Legacy; High Performance Sport - Legacy; GeneCology Research Centre - Legacy; School of Science, Technology and Engineering; Centre for Bioinnovation
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99450850102621
- Output Type
- Journal article
- Research Statement
- false
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- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web Of Science research areas
- Plant Sciences
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