Journal article
Evaluating factors for controlling sediment connectivity of landslide materials: A flume experiment
Water, Vol.11(1), 17
2019
Abstract
Connectivity of landslide sediment to and within fluvial systems is a key factor affecting the extent of mobilization of hillslope material. In particular, the formation of landslide dams and the transformation into landslide-induced debris flows represent "end members" of landslide sediment mobility. To quantify sediment connectivity, we developed a two-segment flume representing tributary inflow and the main channel. Mobility of sediment was examined by combinations of various topographic factors, such as tributary inflow angle (0 to 90° in 30° increments) and main channel gradient (10° and 15°), as well as water content of sediment (0 to 100% in 20% increments). We also examined differences of mobility among sediments derived from various lithologies (sand and shale, pyroclastic sediment, weathered granite, and weathered sedimentary rock). Mobility of sediment differed, depending on the water content of sediment, particularly less than saturation or greater than saturation. When all types of unsaturated landslide sediments entered the channel at inflow angles of 60° and 90°, substantial deposition occurred, suggesting the formation of landslide dams. At low inflow angles (0° and 30°) in a steep channel (15°), > 50% of landslide sediment was transported downstream, indicating the occurrence of a debris flow. The amount of sediment deposited at the junction angle was greater for pyroclastic sediment followed by weathered granite, weathered sedimentary rock, and finally, sand and shale. Our connectivity index suggests that a threshold exists between landslide dam formation and debris flow occurrence associated with topographic conditions, water content, and types of sediment.
Details
- Title
- Evaluating factors for controlling sediment connectivity of landslide materials: A flume experiment
- Authors
- Hefryan Sukma Kharismalatri (Author) - Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, JapanYoshiharu Ishikawa (Author) - Toa Grout Kogyo Co. Ltd., JapanTakashi Gomi (Author) - Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, JapanRoy C Sidle (Author) - University of the Sunshine CoastKatsushige Shiraki (Author) - Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
- Publication details
- Water, Vol.11(1), 17; 20
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Date published
- 2019
- DOI
- 10.3390/w11010017
- ISSN
- 2073-4441
- Copyright note
- Copyright © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
- Organisation Unit
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; Sustainability Research Cluster
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99450761002621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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